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nix
Nix is a cross-platform package-manager for Unix-like systems and a functional language to configure those systems, invented in 2003 by Eelco Dolstra.
The Nix package manager employs a model in which software packages are each installed into unique directories with immutable contents. These directory names correspond to cryptographic hashes that take into account all dependencies of a package, including other packages managed by Nix. As a result, Nix package names are content-identifying since packages with the same name will have had the same inputs and the same build platform, and therefore the same build result.
Nix is deployed in the operating system nixos.