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brain initiation

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2025-11-05 09:18:11 +01:00
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:PROPERTIES:
:ID: bd5b34ba-aa98-4808-b97b-2376aa7b8866
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#+title: protocol
A network protocol is a communication protocol for the exchange of data between computers or processes that are connected to each other in a computer [[id:c9461f7b-7368-4b88-b90b-2d785fda2159][subnetworks]] (distributed system). The agreement consists of a set of rules and formats (syntax) that determine the communication behaviour of the communicating instances in the computers (semantics).
The exchange of messages often requires the interaction of different protocols that take on different tasks (for example, Internet protocol family). In order to be able to master the associated complexity, the individual protocols are organised in layers. Within such an architecture, each protocol belongs to a specific layer and is responsible for performing specific tasks (for example, transmitting to a specific node - layer 2). Protocols of higher layers use services of protocols of lower layers (layer 3 forms a logical network and uses layer 2 for physical delivery). Together, the protocols structured in this way form a protocol stack - following the ISO-OSI reference model (see also DoD layer model). Messages ([[id:fde35a08-897d-4502-aead-1f4414ea639c][packets]]) of a certain layer are also called protocol data units.